The dried tobacco was weighed again and the amounts of moisture in each brand of tobacco were estimated. In orders to measure the nicotine quantity of three different popular pipe tobacco, five grams of each tobacco were placed in a glass plate and left at 70☌ in an oven for 60 minutes to dry. From this solution, 20 µl were injected into the HPLC (n = 3). To 1 ml of the supernatant, 2 ml of metronidazole solution (0.2 mg/ml, using H2O as solvent, as internal standard) was added and the total volume was made up to total of 10 ml, using 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) solution. The mixture ultrasonically vibrated for 1 hour and then centrifuged for 10 minutes. The crashed tobacco of each cigarette was quantitatively suspended in 100 ml of mixture of methanol: 0.1 N NaOH (1:1) solutions. The tobacco of each cigarette was crashed carefully in a blender for one minute. Before any extraction, papers and filters of the cigarettes were removed and the amount of tobacco in each cigarette was weighed. In this project the amount of nicotine content of various popular brands of the imported and domestic cigarettes available in the Iranian market was investigated.įour pack of each brand of cigarette was chosen randomly and one cigarette from each pack was taken to test. Since nicotine is the major compound in cigarettes and it is highly toxic, knowing the amount of nicotine content in cigarettes can be valuable information for the people smoking cigarettes. 17 On the other hand, measuring the total amount of nicotine that exists in the cigarette is called “nicotine content”. 16, 17 The “nicotine yield” is determined by a smoking machine a syringe which draws 32 ml puffs each minute unit the total length of a cigarette is burned. However, the nicotine level rating on the cigarette label (12 mg tar and 1 mg nicotine in a low-yield cigarette) is not the same as the total amount of nicotine present in the cigarette. Most of the imported cigarettes have labeled with the nicotine yields and many consumers are highly motivated to select cigarettes with lower nicotine yields for their health benefits. Therefore, it seems important to measure the amount of nicotine in different kinds of cigarettes which is generally used by the people in this country. 10- 15 There are many brands of cigarette (domestic and imported) available in Iranian market. People who smoke have more chronic illnesses, including emphysema and bronchitis, cardiovascular disease, cancer, bronchopulmonary disease, etc. Major symptoms of nicotine poisoning are sweating, vomiting, mental confusion, diminished pulse rate and breathing difficulty. It is colorless, highly volatile alkaloid. It is an alkaloid present in the leaves of Nicotiana tabacom. Nicotine is the major active molecule in cigarette smoke. 3- 7 It has been reported that to date, more than 3000 chemicals have been isolated from tobacco which more than 1000 of these chemical constituents present in unburnt. However the world cigarette production has increased about four times during the last 50 years.
While the cigarette consumption has been increased in most of the developing countries, the past 25 years has been marked by a steady decline in cigarette consumption in some developed countries. 1, 2 There are approximately 1.25 billion smokers in the world representing about a third of the adult global population 800 million of these people live in developing countries. Tobacco use contributes in 10 global deaths and is the second major cause of mortality in the world. Using tobacco is one of the leading preventable causes of disease and premature death worldwide.
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